What diagnostic trouble code (DTC) is associated with a fault in the vehicle's catalytic converter?

The diagnostic trouble codes P0420 and P0430 are directly related to the efficiency of the catalytic converter. Specifically, P0420 indicates that the catalytic converter is not performing as expected for bank 1 of the engine, while P0430 refers to the same issue but for bank 2. These codes are triggered when the engine control module (ECM) detects that the oxygen sensor readings before and after the catalytic converter do not reflect a proper conversion of emissions, suggesting that the catalytic converter is failing to reduce harmful exhaust gases effectively.

The other sets of codes indicate different issues. For instance, P0300 and P0301 pertain to engine misfires, indicating problems in the ignition system or fuel delivery, rather than catalytic converter functionality. P0101 and P0102 are related to mass air flow (MAF) sensor performance, and similarly, P0440 and P0441 pertain to evaporative emission control system malfunctions. Understanding these codes is essential for diagnosing emissions-related repairs, where problems with the catalytic converter and its associated codes are critical to ensure compliance with environmental standards.